MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140656 on 2025-11-01
superseded combination
When a species is transferred to another genus, and is also known as a new combination
Species
Tekning och Beskrifning på en stor Ostronsort ifrån Japan
Thunberg, C.P. (1793). Tekning och Beskrifning på en stor Ostronsort ifrån Japan. Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar. 14(4-6): 140-142, 1 pl.
Двустворчатые моллюски умеренных вод северо-западной части Тихого океана. Bivalve molluscs of the temperate latitudes of the western part of the Pacific Ocean
Scarlato, O. A. (1981). Двустворчатые моллюски умеренных вод северо-западной части Тихого океана. Bivalve molluscs of the temperate latitudes of the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Определители по фауне СССР. Guides to the fauna of the USSR. 126: Nauka, Leningrad, 479 pp.
Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells
Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp.
Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.
Huber, M. (2010). Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.
Natural hybridization between genetically differentiated populations of Crassostrea gigas and C. angulata highlighted by sequence variation in flanking regions of a microsatellite locus.
Huvet, A.; Fabioux, C.; Mccombie, H.; Lapegue, S.; Boudry, P. (2004). Natural hybridization between genetically differentiated populations of Crassostrea gigas and C. angulata highlighted by sequence variation in flanking regions of a microsatellite locus. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 272: 141-152.
Widespread null alleles and poor cross-species amplification of microsatellite dna loci cloned from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Hedgecock D., Li G., Hubert S., Bucklin K. & Ribes V. 2003. Widespread null alleles and poor cross-species amplification of microsatellite dna loci cloned from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Journal of Shellfish Research, 23(2): 379-385.
Taxonomic status of four Crassostrea oysters from China as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
Yu Z., Kong X. Zhang L., Guo X. & Xiang J. 2003. Taxonomic status of four Crassostrea oysters from China as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Shellfish Research, 22(1): 31-38.
Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea.
Marchini, A., J. Ferrario, A. Sfriso & A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi. (2015). Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea. Biological Invasions. 17:2943–2962.
Bayne, B.; Anglès d'Auriac, M.; Backeljau, T.; Beninger, P.; Boudry, P.; Carnegie, R.; Davis, J.; Guo, X.; Hedgecock, D.; Krause, M.; Langdon, C.; Lapègue, S.; Manahan, D.; Mann, R.; Powell, E.; Shumway, S. (2019). A scientific name for Pacific oysters. Aquaculture. 499: 373.
Two Oceans. A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. Revised edition. David Philip: Cape Town.
Branch, G.M., Griffiths, C.L., Branch, M.L. & Beckley, L.E. (2010). Two Oceans. A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. Revised edition. David Philip: Cape Town.
Bivalve seashells of western South America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Punta Aguja, Peru to Isla Chiloé, Chile. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. vii + 593 pp.
Valentich-Scott, P.; Coan, E. V.; Zelaya, D. (2020). Bivalve seashells of western South America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Punta Aguja, Peru to Isla Chiloé, Chile. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. vii + 593 pp.
A Fossil Pearl from the Upper Miocene Kubota Formation in the Higashitanagura Area, Fukushima Prefecture, Northeastern Japan
Isaji, S.; Kato, H. (2011). A Fossil Pearl from the Upper Miocene Kubota Formation in the Higashitanagura Area, Fukushima Prefecture, Northeastern Japan. Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan). 69 (3-4): 195-201.
Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru
Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp.
The proposed dropping of the genus Crassostrea for all Pacific cupped oysters and Its replacement by a new genus Magallana: A dissenting view
Bayne B.L., Ahrens M., Allen S. K., Anglès D'auriac M., Backeljau T., Beninger P., Bohn R., Boudry P., Davis J., Green T., Guo X., Hedgecock D., Ibarra A., Kingsley-Smith P., Krause M., Langdon C., Lapègue S., Li C., Manahan D., Mann R., Perez-Paralle L., Powell E.N., Rawson P.D., Speiser D., SanchezJ.L., Shumway S. & Wang H. (2017). The proposed dropping of the genus Crassostrea for all Pacific cupped oysters and Its replacement by a new genus Magallana: A dissenting view. Journal of Shellfish Research. 6(3): 545-547.
Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A Community-based Scientific Response
Backeljau, T. (2018). Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A Community-based Scientific Response. National Shellfisheries Association Quarterly Newsletter. (1): 3.
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) Specimen from Chioggia near Venice, Italy (actual size 85 mm)
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) Specimen from Etang de Leucate, Mediterranean coast of France (actual size 105 mm)
collection MNHN, Paris leg. S. Gofas 1999
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Zeebrugge
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Koksijde
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - British Isles
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Oosterschelde
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Sas van Goes
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Zeeland
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Arctic Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Baltic sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Black Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Algerian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - North Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Wadden Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Elbe
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Italian part of the Adriatic Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - German part of the North Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone [Pacific part]
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Swedish part of the Skagerrak
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Bizerte Lagoon
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Gulf of Gabès
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Rio Grande
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Noratlántica
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Turkish part of the Aegean Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Sudatlántica
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Mexican part of the Gulf of California
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Ecuadorean Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Ionian sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Argentinean Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Central Kuroshio Current
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Belizean Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Marmara Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Celtic Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - French part of the Mediterranean Sea - Western Basin
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Tunisian part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Danish part of the North Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Swedish part of the Kattegat
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Norwegian part of the North Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - French part of the Bay of Biscay
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Chilean Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - French part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - New Zealand
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Danish part of the Kattegat
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Maltese part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Ukrainian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom part of the Celtic Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom part of the North Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom part of the English Channel
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Australian part of the Tasman Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Australian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Levantino-Balear
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - South African Coast
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Namibian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Chinese part of the Eastern China Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Chinese part of the South China Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Chinese part of the Yellow Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United States part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Brazilian part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United States part of the The Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Irish part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Irish part of the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom part of the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - United Kingdom part of the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - French part of the Celtic Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - New Zealand part of the Tasman Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Tunisian part of the Mediterranean Sea - Western Basin
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Turkish part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Madeiran Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Syrian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Turkish part of the Black Sea
Distribution for Ostraea cymbaeformis G. B. Sowerby II, 1871 - Atlantic Coast of Florida
Distribution for Ostrea talienwhanensis Crosse, 1862 - Yellow Sea
Distribution for Ostrea gravitesta Yokoyama, 1926 - Japan
Distribution for Ostrea gigas var. tientsiensis Grabau & S. G. King, 1928 - China Sea
Alien
Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution
Native
Species that is native to the country or sea area
Native - Non-endemic
Species that is native to an area but is not endemic to it i.e. a species that has a wide native range
Uncertain
Species whose invasiveness is uncertain
Management recorded
Species for which some management action including prevention has been recorded in its introduced range
Not invasive
Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range
Not specified
A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness
Of concern
Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range
Invasive
Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively
Established
Species that have become established in their introduced range
Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed
Reported
Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information
In captivity/cultivated
Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities
Detected in invasion pathway
Species detected in invasion pathways for example in ballast water, or as a hull-fouling organism
Detected in the wild
Species that have been recorded as present in the wild with no further information