MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140264 on 2026-03-06
accepted
Valid name (ICZN) or name considered to be taxonomically correct (ICBN)
Species
Prospetto della fauna marina volgare del Veneto estuario con cenni sulle principali specie commestibili dell'Adriatico, sulle venete pesche, sulle valli, ecc. Pp. 113-156 (1-45 in reprint).
Nardo, G.D. (1847). Prospetto della fauna marina volgare del Veneto estuario con cenni sulle principali specie commestibili dell'Adriatico, sulle venete pesche, sulle valli, ecc. Pp. 113-156 (1-45 in reprint). In: Venezia e le sue Lagune. Volume Secundo. G. Antonelli: Venezia. [According to Carlo Froglia, the Prospetto and the Sinonimia were published simultaneously; the Sinonimia is here considered to have priority.].
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Observations relative chiefly to the natural history, picturesque scenery, and antiqui-ties of the Western Counties of England, made in the years 1794 and 1796
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Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. Ed. 2, auctior et emendatior. Georg Uslar, Pyrmont. xvi + 168 [+ 1, errata] pp.
Menke, K. T. (1830). Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. Ed. 2, auctior et emendatior. Georg Uslar, Pyrmont. xvi + 168 [+ 1, errata] pp.
Molluscous animals and their shells. Pp. 103-155, pls 33-34 [pp. 103-142 by J. E. Gray, 143-155 by G. B. Sowerby I]. In: The zoology of Capt. Beechey's voyage, compiled from the collections on notes made by Captain Beechey, the officers and naturalist of the expedition during a voyage to the Pacific and Behring's straits in his Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey in the years 1825, 26, 27 and 28. London pp. XII + 186 + 44 pl.
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A descriptive catalogue of the gasteropodous Mollusca of Berwickshire. Part II
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Monograph of the genus Littorina. In: Conchologia iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 10, pls. 1-18 and unpaginated text. Reeve, London. [Stated dates: pls. 1-8, May 1857; 9-16, Jun. 1857; 17, 18 Oct. 1858]
Reeve, L. A. (1857-1858). Monograph of the genus Littorina. In: Conchologia iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 10, pls. 1-18 and unpaginated text. Reeve, London. [Stated dates: pls. 1-8, May 1857; 9-16, Jun. 1857; 17, 18 Oct. 1858].
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Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna der Murmanküste und des Weissen Meeres
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Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Littorina provenant des côtes de la Tunisie
Dautzenberg, P. (1893). Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Littorina provenant des côtes de la Tunisie. Journal de Conchyliologie. 41(1): 35-36, pl. 1.
Albino forms of Littorina rudis var. tenebrosa
Adams, L. E. (1896). Albino forms of Littorina rudis var. tenebrosa. Journal of Conchology. 8: 315.
Liste des coquilles marines, terrestres & d'eau douce recueilles aux environs de Cancale. Premiere parti - coquilles marines (suite)
Martel, H. (1901). Liste des coquilles marines, terrestres & d'eau douce recueilles aux environs de Cancale. Premiere parti - coquilles marines (suite). La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes. 31: 109-114; 221-222.
Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates.
Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates.
Schlesch, H. (1916). Faunula Littorinidae Islandiae Borealis. The Naturalist. A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England. 1916: 279-280.
Dacie, J. C. (1917). Littorina littorea: A doubtful record. Journal of Conchology. 15(6): 179-180.
Observations sur les limites, les faciès et les associations animales de l'étage intercotidal de la Petite Syrte (Golfe de Galees). Notes et Mémoire no tres de l'Institute Océanographique de Salammb
Seurat, L. G. 1924. Observations sur les limites, les faciès et les associations animales de l'étage intercotidal de la Petite Syrte (Golfe de Galees). Notes et Mémoire no tres de l'Institute Océanographique de Salammbô Tunis 3: 1-72.
Schlesch, H. (1931). Kleine Mitteilungen VII. Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 63 (4/5): 133-155, pl. 12-14.
Saggio di una Sylloge Molluscorum Adriaticorum
Coen, G. (1933). Saggio di una Sylloge Molluscorum Adriaticorum. Memorie del Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano. 192: i-vii, 1-186, pl. 1-10.
Etudes sure les variations de Littorina saxatilis IV. - comparaison de les points battus, au long des cotes europeenes. A. Cotes iberiques
Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Jouin, C. (1961). Etudes sure les variations de Littorina saxatilis IV. - comparaison de les points battus, au long des cotes europeenes. A. Cotes iberiques. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France. 86: 320-328.
Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, V. Sur des cas de variabilite extreme
Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & James, B. L. (1963). Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, V. Sur des cas de variabilite extreme. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 4: 1-22.
Subspecies of Littorina saxatilis around Dale
James, B. L. (1963). Subspecies of Littorina saxatilis around Dale. Field Studies. 1: 30-31.
Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, VI. Quelques cas qui posent de difficiles problemes
Fischer, E., Gaillard, J. M. & James, B. L. (1964). Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, VI. Quelques cas qui posent de difficiles problemes. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 5: 125-171.
Sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis. 8. Les populations de la Ria de Camarinas
Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Delmas, D. (1967). Sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis. 8. Les populations de la Ria de Camarinas. Bulletin de la Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 38: 874-897.
The characters and distribution of the subspecies and varieties of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) in Britain
James, B. L. (1968). The characters and distribution of the subspecies and varieties of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) in Britain. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 9: 143-165.
La variabilite (morphologique et physiologique) des Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) Iberiques et ses rapports avec l'ecologie
Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. (1971). La variabilite (morphologique et physiologique) des Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) Iberiques et ses rapports avec l'ecologie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. A. Zoologie. 70: 1-90.
Littorina rudis var. scotia and its adaptation to the extreme environment of Rockell (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Smith, S. M. (1979). Littorina rudis var. scotia and its adaptation to the extreme environment of Rockell (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Porcupine Newsletter. 1: 138-139.
On the nature of the coastal lagoon winkles attributed to Littorina tenebrosa and Littorina saxatilis
Barnes, R. S. K. (1993). On the nature of the coastal lagoon winkles attributed to Littorina tenebrosa and Littorina saxatilis. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 34: 477-495.
Graham, A. (1988) Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. In Kermack, D.M. & Barnes, R.S.K. (Eds.) Synopsis of the British Fauna (New Series). No. 2 (Second Edition). E.J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarin
Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock
Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia
Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp.
Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures
Montagu, G. (1803). Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. J. White, London, Vol. 1, xxxvii + 291 pp.; Vol. 2, pp. 293–606, pl. 1-16.
Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e della lagune di Venezia. Bassano [G. Remondini e fl.]
Olivi, G. (1792). Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e della lagune di Venezia. Bassano [G. Remondini e fl.]. [ix] + 334 + xxxii pp., 9 pls.
Dautzenberg, Ph.; Durouchoux, P. (1900). Faunule malacologique des environs de Saint-Malo. Feuille jeunes nat. 30: 39-62
Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data.
Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245.
Monitoring van de effecten van de verruiming 48'/43': MOVE eindrapport 2006 (Rapport 10)
van Eck, G. Th. M.; Holzhauer, H. (2007). Monitoring van de effecten van de verruiming 48'/43': MOVE eindrapport 2006 (Rapport 10). Rapport RIKZ = Report RIKZ, 2007.003. RIKZ: Middelburg. 64 pp.
Systematics and evolution of Littorina
Reid, D. G. (1996). Systematics and evolution of Littorina. The Ray Society. 463p.
The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae
Reid, D. G. (1989). The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 324: 1-110.
Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species.
Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science. 6 (2): 63-118.
Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution.
Zenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science. 11(2): 381-493.
A morphologic and genetic analysis of Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia) from Venice, and on the problem of saxatilis-rudis nomenclature
Janson K. 1985. A morphologic and genetic analysis of Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia) from Venice, and on the problem of saxatilis-rudis nomenclature. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 24(1): 51-59.
Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea.
Marchini, A., J. Ferrario, A. Sfriso & A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi. (2015). Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea. Biological Invasions. 17:2943–2962.
A statistical test of the species concept in Littorina
Anonymous. (1933). A statistical test of the species concept in Littorina. The Nautilus. 46(3): 106.
Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective
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Littorina saxitalis - rough periwinkle (live)
Typical specimen from the shores of the St. Lawrence estuary.
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Specimen from Benzú, Ceuta, Strait of Gibraltar (actual size 7.5 mm).
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Specimen from La Cortadura, Cádiz, Spain (actual sizes 6.0 and 5.9 mm)
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) aggregation
Picture of periwinkles (L. saxatilis) taken near Duncan's Cove ( 44° 29'41''N,63°31'27''W), Nova Scotia, Canada on 26 June 2016.
Picture of a periwinkle (L. saxatilis) taken near Duncan's Cove ( 44° 29'41''N,63°31'27''W), Nova Scotia, Canada on 26 June 2016.
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) on the coast
These rough periwinkles, Littorina saxatilis (Olivi 1792), were observed at Tor Bay Provincial Park (45°10'59.93''N, 61°21'13.40''W), Nova Scotia, Canada on 21 October 2017.
Raw alican can often be found in cavities and cracks in and between basalt, concrete blocks and other stones, also on and in wooden posts.
Cooked periwikles (mixture of common and rough periwickles) sold in fish monger (Brugge, Belgium - 2017.08.25)
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Oostende
Distribution for Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) - British Isles
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Dorset
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - German Bight
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Goote Bank
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis var. rudis (Maton, 1797) - Helgoland
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Wadden Sea
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Wimereux
Distribution for Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847 - Wimereux
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Zeeland
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Saldanha Bay
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Langebaan Bay
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Berg Rivier
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - European waters (ERMS scope)
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Langebaan Lagoon
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Gulf of St. Lawrence
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Danish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Icelandic Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839 - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844 - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Azores Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Madeiran Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Faeroe Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - United States part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847 - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Gulf of Maine
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Greens Point
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Navy Island
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Sam Orr Pond
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Brandy Cove
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Cobscook Bay
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - West Greenland Shelf
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Northern Grand Banks - Southern Labrador
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Hudson Complex
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Scotian Shelf
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Gulf of St. Lawrence - Eastern Scotian Shelf
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Southern Grand Banks - South Newfoundland
Distribution for Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797) - Belgian Coast
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - St. Lawrence Estuary
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - German part of the Baltic Sea
Distribution for Litorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839 - German part of the Baltic Sea
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Saguenay Fjord
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Italian part of the Adriatic Sea
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Namibian part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Russian part of the White Sea
Distribution for Littorina (Littorina) saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - South African part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Spanish part of the Strait of Gibraltar
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Swedish part of the Kattegat
Distribution for Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893 - Tunisian part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Fisheries Zone around Svalbard
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Knysna
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Noratlántica
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Sudatlántica
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Canaria
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - French part of Greater North Sea
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - French part of Celtic Seas
Distribution for Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) - French part of Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast
Alien
Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution
Origin uncertain
Species whose biological status is uncertain i.e. it is uncertain if the species is native or alien to the location
Invasive
Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively
Uncertain
Species whose invasiveness is uncertain
Established and expanding
Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range
Reported
Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information
Established
Species that have become established in their introduced range
Taxon Description Body size for Taxon denoted by name 445893
Taxon Description Body size for Taxon denoted by name 446918
Taxon Description Body size for Taxon denoted by name 140264
Taxon Description Functional group for Taxon denoted by name 101
Taxon Description AMBI ecological group for Taxon denoted by name 140264
Taxon Description Nomenclature code for Taxon denoted by name 2
Specification Context: Unit mm
Specification Context: Type maximum
Specification Context: Dimension height
Specification Context: Dimension width
Specification Context: Life stage juvenile
Specification Context: Life stage adult
Specification Context: Locality (MRGID) 1920
Specification Context: Dimension length