MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138963 on 2026-01-10
accepted
Valid name (ICZN) or name considered to be taxonomically correct (ICBN)
Species
Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. 1(10) [iii], 824 p.
Notes on Recent and fossil shells, with descriptions of new species
Conrad, T. A. (1870). Notes on Recent and fossil shells, with descriptions of new species. American Journal of Conchology. 6(1): 71-78.
Descriptions of a new genus, and of twenty-nine new Miocene, and one Eocene fossil shells of the United States
Conrad, T. A. (1843). Descriptions of a new genus, and of twenty-nine new Miocene, and one Eocene fossil shells of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1(30-31): 305-311.
Synopsis molluscorum marinorum Indiarum occidentalium imprimis Insularum danicarum
Mörch [Mørch], O. A. L. (1877). Synopsis molluscorum marinorum Indiarum occidentalium imprimis Insularum danicarum. Malakozoologische Blätter. 24: 14-66, 93-123.
Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data.
Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245.
Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. [Reference matrices and Ecotope areas Annex to the Evaluation methodology Scheldt estuary Study on “Ecotope areas and intactness index”.
Maris, T., O. Beauchard, S. Van Damme, E. Van den Bergh, S. Wijnhoven & P. Meire. (2013). Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. [Reference matrices and Ecotope areas Annex to the Evaluation methodology Scheldt estuary Study on “Ecotope areas and intactness index”. Monitor Taskforce Publication Series, 2013-01. NIOZ: Yerseke. 35 pp.
The behavior of three sympatic species of Crepidula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) from the Atlantic, with implications for evolutionary ecology
Hoagland, K. E. (1979). The behavior of three sympatic species of Crepidula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) from the Atlantic, with implications for evolutionary ecology. The Nautilus. 93(4): 143-149, figs. 1-2.
American seashells. The marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific coast of North America. ed. 2. Van Nostrand, New York. 663 pp., 24 pls. [October 1974].
Abbott, R. T. (1974). American seashells. The marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific coast of North America. ed. 2. Van Nostrand, New York. 663 pp., 24 pls. [October 1974].
Miocene gastropods and scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida
Mansfield, W. C. (1930). Miocene gastropods and scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida. Florida State Geological Survey, Bulletin. 3: 1-185, 21 pls.
Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae
Hoagland, K.E. 1977. Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae. Malacologia, 16(2): 353-420.
The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata Linnaeus, 1758 becomes established in Ireland
McNeill, G.; Nunn, J.; Minchin, D. (2010). The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata Linnaeus, 1758 becomes established in Ireland. Aquatic Invasions 5(Suppl. 1): S21-S25.
Spread of the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata (L. 1758) in Europe. Current state and consequences
Blanchard, M. (1997). Spread of the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata (L. 1758) in Europe. Current state and consequences. Scientia Marina. 61 (Sup 2): 109-118.
A further contribution to the paleontology of Trinidad (Miocene Horizons)
Maury, C. J. (1925). A further contribution to the paleontology of Trinidad (Miocene Horizons). Bulletins of American Paleontology. 10(42): 153-402, pls. 1-43.
Sex, size, and position: A test of models predicting size at sex change in the protandrous gastropod Crepidula fornicata
Collin, R. (1995). Sex, size, and position: A test of models predicting size at sex change in the protandrous gastropod Crepidula fornicata. American Naturalist. 146(6): 815-831.
Clarifying the Northern Distributional Limits of the Slipper Limpet Crepidula fornicata in the Northwestern Atlantic
Rawlings, T. A.; Aker, J. M.; Brunel, P. (2011). Clarifying the Northern Distributional Limits of the Slipper Limpet Crepidula fornicata in the Northwestern Atlantic. American Malacological Bulletin. 29(1-2): 105-119.
Observations on some species of the marine shells of Massachusetts, with descriptions of five new species.
Adams, C. B. (1839). Observations on some species of the marine shells of Massachusetts, with descriptions of five new species. Boston Journal of Natural History. 2: 262-288, pl. 4.
Calyptraeidae from the northeast Pacific (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda)
Collin R. (2019). Calyptraeidae from the northeast Pacific (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda). Zoosymposia. 13: 107-130.
Stearns, R. E. C. (1897). Quarter-jacks and jingles. The Nautilus. 11(4): 38-40.
A few additional notes on Crepidula
Winkley, H. W. (1892). A few additional notes on Crepidula. The Nautilus. 6(6): 63.
The abundance of Crepidula fornicata L. at Nantucket, Mass.
Johnson, C. W. (1926). The abundance of Crepidula fornicata L. at Nantucket, Mass. The Nautilus. 40(2): 68.
Is the American slipper-limpet (Crepidula fornicata) an oyster pest?
Orton, J. H. (1927). Is the American slipper-limpet (Crepidula fornicata) an oyster pest?. The Nautilus. 40(3): 102-103.
Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. Scientific Data. 10(1).
Reproduction of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata, in the Bay of Brest, France
Richard J., Huet M., Thouzeau G. & Paulet Y.-M. (2006). Reproduction of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata, in the Bay of Brest, France. Marine Biology. 149(4): 789-801.
Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) + eggs Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Seasalter, Kent, UK; 6 October 2004; photographed in situ; copyright Unicomarine
cf. Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Texel (NL), 02.01.2007 (C.J.M. Philippart Characteristics used for id: - round/oval - translucent (grey/white) - looks like a pair of ears References: HAYWARD & RYLAND, 1998; HAYWARD et al., 2007 Checked by A. Gittenberger (Naturalis, Leiden, NL)
A picture of the common slipper limpet (Crepidula fornicata) (L. 1758) taken in Arisaig Provincial Park on the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Coast (45°4'2''N,62°10'15''W) of Nova Scotia, Canada on 18 September 2016.
Thorntonbank windfarm, Belgium, 30 August 2016
Slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata (L. 1758) found near Glasgow Head (45°19'18.45''N, 60°57'45.90''W), Nova Scotia, Canada on 24 April 2018.
Find more information about this species at: http://www.rkapeller.eu/species.html?SM_Crepidula_fornicata Click here for the database with determination key for European mollusks
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - European waters (ERMS scope)
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Blankenberge
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Oostende
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - De Panne
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Koksijde
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bristol Channel
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Dorset
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Belgian part of the North Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - German Bight
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Grevelingen
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - East Coast of Ireland
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - South Coast of Ireland
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Irish Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Katwijk
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Oosterschelde
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Wadden Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Wimereux
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Baltic sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - German Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Elbe
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Gulf of St-Malo
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Minas Basin
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Sam Orr Pond
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Lorneville Harbour
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Gulf of Maine
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Spuikom
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Nieuwpoort
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Oostduinkerke
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - De Haan
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Zeebrugge
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Gulf of Mexico
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - East Coast of United States of America
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Atlantic Coast of Canada
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Gulf of St. Lawrence
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - United Kingdom part of the English Channel
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - United Kingdom part of the North Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Maltese part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Danish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - French part of the English Channel
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Irish part of the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Celtic Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Ireland
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - California
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - United States part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Ukrainian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Noratlántica
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - United Kingdom part of the Celtic Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Swedish part of the Kattegat
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Swedish part of the Skagerrak
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Italian part of the Ionian Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Spain - Demarcación Marina Levantino-Balear
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Izmir Bay
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - United Kingdom part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - French part of the Bay of Biscay
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Greek part of the Aegean Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Tunisian part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Libyan part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Turkish part of the Aegean Sea
Distribution for Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Moroccan part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Alien
Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution
Uncertain
Species whose invasiveness is uncertain
Invasive
Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively
Not specified
A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness
Of concern
Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range
Not invasive
Species that has not demonstrated any invasive traits in its introduced range
Established
Species that have become established in their introduced range
Reported
Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information
Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed
Absent
Species that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’