Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2026). Ascidiacea World Database. Styela clava Herdman, 1881. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103929 on 2026-04-08
accepted
Valid name (ICZN) or name considered to be taxonomically correct (ICBN)
Species
Preliminary report on the Tunicata of the Challenger expedition. Cynthiidae.
Herdman, W. A. (1881). Preliminary report on the Tunicata of the Challenger expedition. Cynthiidae. Proceeding of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 11(3): 52-88.
Ascidian of the littoral zone of southern California
Ritter, W. E.; Forsyth, R. H. (1917). Ascidian of the littoral zone of southern California. Univ. California Publ., Zool. 16: 439-512.
Styela mammiculata n.sp., a new species of ascidian from the Plymouth area
Carlisle, D. B. (1954). Styela mammiculata n.sp., a new species of ascidian from the Plymouth area. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 33(2): 329-334.
Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data.
Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 350 pp.
Morton, B. & Morton, J. (1983). The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 350 pp.
Bedreiging voor biodiversiteit. Indicatoren voor het Schelde-estuarium
(2010). Bedreiging voor biodiversiteit. Indicatoren voor het Schelde-estuarium. Opgemaakt in opdracht van Afdeling Maritieme Toegang, projectgroep EcoWaMorSe, Vlaams Nederlandse Scheldecommissie. VLIZ Information Sheets, 200. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ): Oostende. 7 pp.
Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355.
Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the zoological museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea)
Millar, R. H. (1975). Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the zoological museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia. 3(20): 205-336.
Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]
Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas.
Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 43: 419-453.
The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas.
Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8. vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp.
UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO)
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).
The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia
Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Mem Qd Mus. 23: 1-440.
Phylum Tunicata: sea squirts, salps, appendicularians, New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1
Kott, P.; Bradford-Grieve, J.; Esnal, G.; Murdoch, R.C. (2009). Phylum Tunicata: sea squirts, salps, appendicularians, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 409-430.
[Checklist of marine biota of China seas]
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. China Science Press. 1267 pp.
Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution.
Zenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science. 11(2): 381-493.
Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea
Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions. 4(1): 59-64.
Additions to the annotated list of marine alien biota in the Mediterranean with special emphasis on Foraminifera and Parasites.
Zenetos, A., E. Meric, M. Verlaque, P. Galli, C.F. Boudouresque, A. Giangrande, M. Cinar & M. Bilecenoglu. (2008). Additions to the annotated list of marine alien biota in the Mediterranean with special emphasis on Foraminifera and Parasites. Mediterranean Marine Science. 9(1): 119-165.
Tolerance of the invasive tunicate Styela clava to air exposure
Hillock, K. A.; Costello, M. J. (2013). Tolerance of the invasive tunicate Styela clava to air exposure. Biofouling. 29(10): 1181-1187.
Telegraph Harbour, Thetis Island, British Columbia
Botrylloides violaceus growing on Styela clava
Styela clava overgrown with Tricellaria inopinata
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - European waters (ERMS scope)
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Bretagne
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Dunkerque
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - South Coast of England
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - French Exclusive Economic Zone [Atlantic part]
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Grevelingen
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Le Havre
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Oosterschelde
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Plymouth
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Roscoff
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Wales
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Wimereux
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Atlantic Europe
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Baltic sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - North Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Ardrossan
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - German Bight
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - West North Pacific
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Knokke-Heist
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Spuikom
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Belgian Coast
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Zeebrugge
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Mediterranean Sea - Western Basin
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Canadian part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Australian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Irish part of the Celtic Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - New Zealand part of the South Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Portuguese part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Black Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United Kingdom part of the English Channel
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Belgian part of the North Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Greenlandic part of the Labrador Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Dutch part of the North Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Danish part of the Kattegat
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - French part of the Mediterranean Sea - Western Basin
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - German part of the North Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United Kingdom part of the Celtic Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Gulf of St. Lawrence
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Styela barnharti Ritter & Forsyth, 1917 - East North Pacific
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United States part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United States part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - North Atlantic
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - French part of the Bay of Biscay
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Australian part of the Bass Strait
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - French part of the English Channel
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Spanish part of the Bay of Biscay
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - French part of the Celtic Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Romanian part of the Black Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Irish part of the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Elkhorn Slough
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United Kingdom part of the North Sea
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Japan
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United Kingdom part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Canadian part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Styela clava Herdman, 1881 - United States part of the The Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Styela mammiculata Carlisle, 1954 - United Kingdom part of the English Channel
Alien
Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution
Uncertain
Species whose invasiveness is uncertain
Invasive
Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively
Of concern
Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range
Not specified
A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness
Reported
Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information
Established
Species that have become established in their introduced range
Established and expanding
Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range
Species which may be listed as alien or introduced but whose occurrence has not been specified
Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed
Taxon Description Functional group for Taxon denoted by name 1839
Taxon Description Body size for Taxon denoted by name 103929
Taxon Description AMBI ecological group for Taxon denoted by name 103929
Taxon Description Feeding method for Taxon denoted by name 103450
Taxon Description Body size (qualitative) for Taxon denoted by name 1839
Taxon Description Sociability for Taxon denoted by name 103543
Taxon Description Nomenclature code for Taxon denoted by name 2
Specification Context: Life stage adult
Specification Context: Life stage larva
Specification Context: Unit cm
Specification Context: Type maximum
Specification Context: Dimension length
Specification Context: Unit mm
Specification Context: Locality (MRGID) 1920