Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2025). Ascidiacea World Database. Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103788 on 2025-12-05
accepted
Valid name (ICZN) or name considered to be taxonomically correct (ICBN)
Species
Vestindiske Ascidiae Simplices, Anden Afdeling. Molgulidae og Cynthiadae
Traustedt, M. P. A. (1883). Vestindiske Ascidiae Simplices, Anden Afdeling. Molgulidae og Cynthiadae. Vid. Meddel. Nat. For. Kjobenhavn, ann.1882. 108-136.
Mollusca. Zoology of New-York, or the New-York fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the State of New-York; with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders; and accompanied by appropriate illustrations. Carroll and Cook, Albany, New York
De Kay, J. E. (1843). Mollusca. Zoology of New-York, or the New-York fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the State of New-York; with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders; and accompanied by appropriate illustrations. Carroll and Cook, Albany, New York. Part 5, pp. 1-271, plates 1-40.
On the embryology of Ascidia and the characteristis of new species from the shores of Massachusetts
Agassiz, L. (1850). On the embryology of Ascidia and the characteristis of new species from the shores of Massachusetts. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 2: 157-159.
Mémoire sur l'embryogénie, l'anatomie et la physiologie des Ascidies simples
Beneden, P.J. van. (1847). Mémoire sur l'embryogénie, l'anatomie et la physiologie des Ascidies simples. Memoires de l'Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique. XX 1-66, 4pl.
De regionibus marinis. Elementa topographiae historiconaturalis freti Öresund
Örsted, Anders Sandoe. (1844). De regionibus marinis. Elementa topographiae historiconaturalis freti Öresund. Dissertatio inauguralis, quam ad honores magistri artium rite capessendos scripsit et die XXIX mensis Aprilis respondnete ornatissimo E. Petit. chir. mil. publice defendere studebit A.S. Uorsted. phil. cand. Hauniae. Typis excussit J.C. Scharling. Havniae, Köpenhamn. 1-88, 2 pls. + [2] pp.
On the Ascidians collected during the cruise of the Yacht 'Glimpse' 188
Herdman, W. A.; Sorby, H.C. (1882). On the Ascidians collected during the cruise of the Yacht 'Glimpse' 188. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. London. 16: 527-536.
Damas, D. (1904). Les Molgules de la cote belge. Arch. Biol. 11: 161-181.
Several new ascidians from the coast of the United States
Stimpson, W. (1852). Several new ascidians from the coast of the United States. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 4: 228-232.
Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data.
Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
Bedreiging voor biodiversiteit. Indicatoren voor het Schelde-estuarium
(2010). Bedreiging voor biodiversiteit. Indicatoren voor het Schelde-estuarium. Opgemaakt in opdracht van Afdeling Maritieme Toegang, projectgroep EcoWaMorSe, Vlaams Nederlandse Scheldecommissie. VLIZ Information Sheets, 200. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ): Oostende. 7 pp.
Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355.
Inventarisatie plankton: fauna en flora. [Plankton inventory : fauna and flora.]
Polk, P. (1976). Inventarisatie plankton: fauna en flora. [Plankton inventory : fauna and flora.]. In: Nihoul, J.C.J.; De Coninck, L. (Ed.) (1976). Project Sea final report: 7. Inventory of fauna and flora. :233-311.
A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy
Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p.
Miner, R. W. (1950). Field book of seashore life. G.P. Putnam & Sons. 1-888.
Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]
Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas.
Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 43: 419-453.
The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia
Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Mem Qd Mus. 23: 1-440.
A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Invertebrates and Seaweeds of the Atlantic Coast from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras.
Gosner, K.L. (1979). A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Invertebrates and Seaweeds of the Atlantic Coast from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. Wiley-Interscience, Boston. 329pp., figs. 1-72, pls. 1-64. [pdf copepods only].
Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico
Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
[Checklist of marine biota of China seas]
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. China Science Press. 1267 pp.
Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years
Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist. 11, 261-324.
Atlas of Marine Invasive Species in the NOWPAP Region
Lutaenko, K.A.; Furota, T.; Nakayama; S.; Shin, K.; Xu, J. (2013). Atlas of Marine Invasive Species in the NOWPAP Region. Beijing: NOWPAP DINRAC (Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Data and Information Network Regional Center). 189 pp.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO)
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - European waters (ERMS scope)
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - North West Atlantic
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - British Isles
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Grevelingen
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Oostende
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Oosterschelde
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Wadden Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Wales
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Wimereux
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Arctic Ocean
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Atlantic Europe
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - North Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - L'Etete
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Cobscook Bay
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Gulf of Maine
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Spuikom
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Greek Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Gulf of Mexico
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Manicouagan
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - St. Lawrence Estuary
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Black Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Argentinean Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Australian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Japan
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Norwegian part of the North Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Adriatic Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Japanese Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Dutch part of the North Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - United States part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Japanese part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Belgian part of the North Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - French part of the English Channel
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - German part of the North Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Chinese part of the South China Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Australian part of the Coral Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Canadian part of the North Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Italian part of the Adriatic Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Spanish part of the North Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Panama
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Elkhorn Slough
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Australian part of the Bass Strait
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Swedish part of the Kattegat
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Swedish part of the Skagerrak
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Chinese part of the Eastern China Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Chinese part of the Yellow Sea
Distribution for Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) - Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Alien
Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution
Origin unknown
Species whose origins cannot be verified OR a species whose origin has not been specified in the source information
Uncertain
Species whose invasiveness is uncertain
Invasive
Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively
Not specified
A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness
Of concern
Species that are demonstrating aggressive spread and there is concern about its spread OR species where some concern has been recorded- this may be due to known records of its invasiveness and impacts in other areas of their known introduced range
Reported
Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information
Established
Species that have become established in their introduced range
Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed