Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2025). World List of Actiniaria. Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100982 on 2025-12-17
accepted
Valid name (ICZN) or name considered to be taxonomically correct (ICBN)
Species
Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum characters, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. [Prodromus of Danish Zoology, or the characters, names, and synonyms of the indigenous animals of Denmark and Norway, especially of the popular ones.]
Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum characters, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. [Prodromus of Danish Zoology, or the characters, names, and synonyms of the indigenous animals of Denmark and Norway, especially of the popular ones.]. Typis Hallageriis, Havniae. 32: 1-282.
Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea
Pei, Z. (1998). Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea. Science Press. Beijing., pp. 286.
Sobre la anemona Paraisometridium pehuensis, gen. y sp. nov. (Actiniaria: Metridiidae)
Zamponi, M. O. (1978). Sobre la anemona Paraisometridium pehuensis, gen. y sp. nov. (Actiniaria: Metridiidae). Neotropica, 24(72): 117-122
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]
Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]. Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii. pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767].
The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zoophytes, collected from various parts of the Globe. Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander
Ellis, J.; Solander, D. (1786). The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zoophytes, collected from various parts of the Globe. Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. 4.(Benjamin White & Son: London): 1-206, pls 1-63.
Fauna Suecica sistens Animalia Sueciae Regni: Distributa per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, [The Swedish Fauna containing the Animals of the Kingdom of Sweden: Distributed by Classes, Orders, Genera, Species, with Differences of Species, Synonyms of Authors, Names of Inhabitants, Places of Birth,]Descriptionibus insectorum
Linnaeus, C. (1761). Fauna Suecica sistens Animalia Sueciae Regni: Distributa per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, [The Swedish Fauna containing the Animals of the Kingdom of Sweden: Distributed by Classes, Orders, Genera, Species, with Differences of Species, Synonyms of Authors, Names of Inhabitants, Places of Birth,]Descriptionibus insectorum. Editio altera, auctior. Stockholmiae, Stockhom, Sweden. 48:1-578. [Copepoda Monoculus, :497-499].
Notes on the Irish Actinidæ, etc., with especial reference to their distribution
Wright, E. P. (1859). Notes on the Irish Actinidæ, etc., with especial reference to their distribution. Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association, 1, 174-188
Description of two new species of Actinia, from the south coast of Devon
Holdsworth, E. W. H. (1855). Description of two new species of Actinia, from the south coast of Devon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 23, 235-237
Hollard, M. H. (1848). Études sur l'organisation des Actinies. Imprimerie de Marc Ducloux et Ce. Paris.
A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham
Alder, J. (1858). A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93-161
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World.
van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109
Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy
Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London. 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455].
A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy
Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p.
A sublittoral hard substrate epibenthic community below 30 m in Head Harbour Passage, New Brunswick, Canada
Logan, A. (1998). A sublittoral hard substrate epibenthic community below 30 m in Head Harbour Passage, New Brunswick, Canada. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 27: 445-459.
Sebens, K.P. 1998. Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States. Anthozoa, Actinaria, Corallimorparia, Ceriantharia, and Zoanthidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 141. 68 p.
Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick
Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 64:1-306.
Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]
Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
Burrowing in the Antarctic anemone, Halcampoides sp., from Signy Island, Antarctica
Ansell A.D. & Peck L.S. (2000). Burrowing in the Antarctic anemone, Halcampoides sp., from Signy Island, Antarctica. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology., 252, 1, 45-55.
Moore, H. B. (1937). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society. 50: 1-293, maps 1-3. (Crustacea: 87-142).
The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa
Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74..
Coelenterate Biology: Recent research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora
Greenwood, P.G. & L.K. Garrity, 1991. Discharge of nematocysts isolated from aeloid nudibranchs. In: R.B. Williams, P.F.S. Cornelius, R.G. Hughes & E.A. Robson, eds, 1991. Coelenterate Biology: Recent research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 1989. Hydrobiologia 216217 : 671-677.
The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora
Robins, M.W., 1969. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora. J. nat. Hist. 3 : 329-343.
Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals
Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312.
Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme
Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis
Schmidt, H., 1969. Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 19 : 284-317.
Observations on the feeding habits of Calliactis parasitica
Chintiroglou, C. & A. Koukouras, 1991. Observations on the feeding habits of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Anthozoa, Cnidaria. Oceanologica Acta 14 4: 389-396.
A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts
Östman, C., 2000. A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. In: C.E. Mills, F. Boero, A. Migotto & J.M. Gili, eds., Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Sci. Mar. 64 (Supl. 1): 31-46.
Laverack, M.S. & M. Blackler (eds.). (1974). Fauna and flora of St. Andrews Bay. Edinburgh & London, Scottish Academic Press. 310 pp.
Metridiidae Carlgren, 1893 (Anthozoa) and Metridiidae Sars, 1902 (Copepoda); request for a ruling to eliminate the homonymy. Z.N.(S.)2263.
Dunn, D.F. & K. Hulsemann. (1979). Metridiidae Carlgren, 1893 (Anthozoa) and Metridiidae Sars, 1902 (Copepoda); request for a ruling to eliminate the homonymy. Z.N.(S.)2263. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 36(1):53-56. (vii-1979)
A survey of the littoral Anthozoa, with additional notes on some other marine invertebrates of Gower, South Wales.
Williams, R.B. (1979). A survey of the littoral Anthozoa, with additional notes on some other marine invertebrates of Gower, South Wales. Nature in Wales 16(4):253-266.
Reimer JD, Sinniger F, Fujiwara Y, Hirano S, Maruyama T. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa:Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep
Some new records of Anthozoa from British waters
Manuel RL. (1979) Some new records of Anthozoa from British waters. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 59:393-397
A new species of sea anemone from the Chilean fjord region, Paraisanthus fabiani (Actiniaria: Isanthidae), with a discussion of the family Isanthidae Carlgren
Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2008). A new species of sea anemone from the Chilean fjord region, Paraisanthus fabiani (Actiniaria: Isanthidae), with a discussion of the family Isanthidae Carlgren. Zootaxa. 1897: 27-42.
The occurrence of Sagartia elegans (Dalyell, 1848) (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in the Netherlands
Ates, R. M. L.; Dekker, R.; Faasse, M. A.; den Hartog, J. C. (1998). The occurrence of Sagartia elegans (Dalyell, 1848) (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen. 323: 263-276.
Distribution and ecology of Anthozoa in the estuarine region of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt
Braber, L.; Borghouts, H. (1977) Distribution and ecology of Anthozoa in the estuarine region of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt., Hydrobiologia 52: 15-20
The sea anemones of central California. Part III: The Acontiarian anemones
Hand, C. (1955). The sea anemones of central California. Part III: The Acontiarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology. 13, 189-251.
The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions
Hand, C.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1994). The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions. Estuaries. 17(2): 501-508.
Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. The Ray Society. London. pp. 426.
Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years
Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist. 11, 261-324.
Anthopleura sola, a new species, solitary sibling species to the aggregating sea anemone, A-elegantissima (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae).
Pearse, V., & Francis, L. (2000). Anthopleura sola, a new species, solitary sibling species to the aggregating sea anemone, A-elegantissima (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 113(3), 596-608.
Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosomal genes
Sinniger, F.; Montoya-Burgos, J. I.; Chevaldonné, P.; Pawlowski, J. (2005). Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosomal genes. Marine Biology. 147(5): 1121-1128.
Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae
Lauretta, D.; Häussermann, V.; Brugler, M. R.; Rodríguez, E. (2013). Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 14(1): 31-42.
Taxonomy and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia) from deep water of the northeastern Pacific
Eash-Loucks, W. E.; Fautin, D. G. (2012). Taxonomy and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia) from deep water of the northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa. 3375: 1 – 80.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas.
Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8. vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp.
Actiniaria from Ria de Arosa, Galicia, northwestern Spain, in the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden.
den Hartog J.C., Ates R.M.L. (2011). Actiniaria from Ria de Arosa, Galicia, northwestern Spain, in the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden. 85 (2): 11-53.
Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press. 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
Two new acontiate New Zealand sea anemones
Hand, C. (1961). Two new acontiate New Zealand sea anemones. Trans. Soc. New Zealand. Zool. 1(4): 75-89.
A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria
Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar. 1: 1–121.
Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records
Harms, J. (1993). Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen. 47(1): 1-34.
Dispersal strategies of the biota on an oceanic seamount: implications for ecology and biogeography
Parker, T.; Tunnicliffe, V. (1994). Dispersal strategies of the biota on an oceanic seamount: implications for ecology and biogeography. Biol. Bull., 187: 336-345
Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemone
McCommas, S. A.; Lester, L. J. (1980). Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemone. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 8, 289-292
A study of the actinian Phytocoetes gangeticus Annandale, with an account of the post-larval development and the occurrence of neoteny in the anemone
Panikkar, N. K. (1937). A study of the actinian Phytocoetes gangeticus Annandale, with an account of the post-larval development and the occurrence of neoteny in the anemone. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 62(3): 395-422
The Actiniaria of New Zealand. A check-list of recorded and new species. A review of the literature and a key to the commoner forms. Part 2
Parry, G. (1952). The Actiniaria of New Zealand. A check-list of recorded and new species. A review of the literature and a key to the commoner forms. Part 2. Records of the Canterbury Museum. 6(2): 121-141.
Actiniaria from Mururoa Atoll Tuamotu, Polynesia (Hormathiidae, Calliactis polypus Sagartiidae: Verrillactis n. gen. Paguri)
England, K. W. (1971). Actiniaria from Mururoa Atoll Tuamotu, Polynesia (Hormathiidae, Calliactis polypus Sagartiidae: Verrillactis n. gen. Paguri). Cahiers du Pacifique, 15, 23-40
A new species of sea anemone (Saccactis coliumensis n. sp.) living under hypoxic conditions on the central Chilean shelf
Riemann-Zürneck, K.; Gallardo, V. A. (1990). A new species of sea anemone (Saccactis coliumensis n. sp.) living under hypoxic conditions on the central Chilean shelf. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 44, 445-457
On methods of reproduction as specific characters
Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On methods of reproduction as specific characters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 131-172
Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia
Sebens, K. P. (1998). Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle., volume 141, pp. 1-67
Metridium farcimen, the valid name of a common North Pacific sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Acontiaria)
Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (2000). Metridium farcimen, the valid name of a common North Pacific sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Acontiaria). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113(4): 1151-1161
Studies on the biology of a sea anemone, Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill) from the south west coast of India
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Some Actiniaria from Bering Sea and Arctic waters
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Actiniaria, Zoantharia, and Madreporaria
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Effects of feeding regime on growth rate in the Mediterranean sea anemone Actinia equina (Linnaeus)
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Revision of sea anemone genus Epiactis (Coelenterata: Actiniaria) on the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new brooding species
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Distribution of the Actiniae in the Arctic
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The Actiniaria of Passamaquoddy Bay, with a discussion of their synonomy
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Distribution, abundance and adaptations of three species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an intertidal beach rock in Carneiros beach, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Aktinii Yatryshnoy i Dalne-Zelenetskoy gub Barentseva Moria II. Metridium senile senile (L.), Tealia crassicornis (Müll.)
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Catch-tentacles in sea anemones: occurrence in Haliplanella luciae (Verrill) and a review of current knowledge
Williams, R. B. (1975). Catch-tentacles in sea anemones: occurrence in Haliplanella luciae (Verrill) and a review of current knowledge. Journal of Natural History, 9, 241-248
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Biogeographical characteristics of sea anemones of the Pacific boreal region
Kostina, E. E. (1988). Biogeographical characteristics of sea anemones of the Pacific boreal region. Biologiya Morya, 1988(3): 14-21
The Queen Scallop, Chlamys opercularis (L., 1758) (Bivalvia, Pectinidae), as a food item of the sea anemone Urticina eques (Gosse, 1860) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae)
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De Verspreiding Van Tealia felina, De Zeedahlia, In Nederland
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Taxonomy of two subtribes, Mesomyaria and Acontiaria (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) in Korea
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Die Aktinien: Beschreibung der vornehmlich im aquarium gehaltenen Aktinien
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Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance
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Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen
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Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
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Uchida, T. (1940). The fauna of Akkeshi Bay X. Actiniaria. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, 7, 6, (3): 265-275
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Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Wirbellose I
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Locomotory behaviour and functional morphology of Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae): a contribution to a comparative study of burrowing behaviour in athenarian sea anemones
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Sagartia troglodytes (Anthozoa). Biologie und Morphologie einer schlickbewohnenden Aktinie
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A simple test: evaluating explanations for the relative simplicity of the Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
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Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust
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First record of the sea anemone Metridium senile from South Africa
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Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), III: ranges and other measures of statistical dispersion, their interrelations and taxonomic relevance
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A further note on catch-tentacles in sea anemones
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Notes on the actiniæ occurring in the neighbourhood of the biological station, St. Andrews, N.B.
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First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa
Acuña, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa. African Zoology, 39(2): 314-318
Control of shell settling in the swimming sea anemone Stomphia coccinea
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The cellular basis of the aggressive acrorhagial response of sea anemones
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Estructura poblacional de Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) y Aulactinia reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae) en Argentina
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Ecología trófica de las anémonas intermareales Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849, Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) y A. reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): relaciones entre las anémonas y sus presas
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Distribution of the anthozoan Metridium senile fibriatum (Verril) on the rocky sublittoral of the Rimsky-Korsakov Islands, Sea of Japan
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The alarm response and some predators of the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt)
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the black coral Chrysopathes formosa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) supports classification of antipatharians within the subclass Hexacorallia
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Distribution of intertidal sea anemones in Mutsu Bay, northern Japan
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The preference of the slug Aeolidia papillosa (L.) for the sea anemone Metridium senile (L.)
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La biologia reproductiva de Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): gametogenesis, periodos reproductivos, desarrollo embrionario y larval
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Sexual and asexual reproduction of Anthopleura dixoniana (Anthozoa: Actiniaria): periodicity and regulation
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Class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia -- hexameral corals, orders Actiniaria and Ptychodactiaria [in Russian]
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Sea anemones as secondary consumers on rocky shores in the south-western Cape, South Africa
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Fission in sea anemones: Integrative studies of life cycle evolution
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Bacterial aggregates in the tentacles of the sea anemone Metridium senile
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Embryonic and larval development of the host sea anemones Entacmaea quadricolor and Heteractis crispa
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Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria)
Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusmão, L.; Rodríguez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301
Distribution patterns of Chilean shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actinaria, Corallimorpharia), with a discussion of the taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships between the actinofauna of ths South East Pacific, the South West Atlantic, and the Antarctic
Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2005). Distribution patterns of Chilean shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actinaria, Corallimorpharia), with a discussion of the taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships between the actinofauna of ths South East Pacific, the South West Atlantic, and the Antarctic. Scientia Marina, 69 (Suppl. 2), 91-102
El estuario del Rio de La Plata: Una barrera geografica para los cnidarios bentonicos marinos?
Zamponi, M. O. (2000). El estuario del Rio de La Plata: Una barrera geografica para los cnidarios bentonicos marinos?. Biociências, 8(1): 127-136
Asexual reproduction and molecular systematics of the sea anemone Anthopleura krebsi (Actiniaria: Actiniidae)
Braga Gomes, P.; Zamponi, M. O.; Solé-Cava, A. M. (2003). Asexual reproduction and molecular systematics of the sea anemone Anthopleura krebsi (Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51, 1, 147-154
Respuesta contráctil del esfínter marginal de la anémona Phymactis clematis (Actiniaria): efecto de diferentes iones
Patronelli, L.; Olivera, E. G.; Panzeri, A.; Zabaleta, G.; Zabaleta, A. (1999). Respuesta contráctil del esfínter marginal de la anémona Phymactis clematis (Actiniaria): efecto de diferentes iones. Biociências, 7(2): 25-42
Biochemical genetic evidence for a third species of Metridium (Coelenterata: Actiniaria)
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Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria)
Daly, M.; Gusmão, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodríguez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388
Sea anemones, corals, hydroids, hydrocorals, jellies and others: Phylum Cnidaria (aka Coelenterata)
Lamb, A.; Hanby, B. P. (2005). Sea anemones, corals, hydroids, hydrocorals, jellies and others: Phylum Cnidaria (aka Coelenterata). Habour Publishing. Madeira Park, pp. 80-113
The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria)
Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45
Predation resistance and nematocyst scaling for Metridium senile and M. farcimen
Kramer, A.; Francis, L. (2004). Predation resistance and nematocyst scaling for Metridium senile and M. farcimen. Biological Bulletin, 207, 130-140
Unusual arsenic speciation in sea anemones
Ninh, T. D.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2008). Unusual arsenic speciation in sea anemones. Chemosphere, 70, 1168-1174
Kwallen als voedsel van zeeanemonen en van stormvogels [Jellyfish as food for sea anemones and fulmars]
Ates, R. M. L. (2001). Kwallen als voedsel van zeeanemonen en van stormvogels [Jellyfish as food for sea anemones and fulmars]. Het Zeepaard, 62(5): 132-135
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Pycnogonid-cnidarian trophic interactions in the deep Monterey Submarine Canyon
Braby, C. E.; Pearse, V.; Bain, B. A.; Vrijenhoek, R. C. (2009). Pycnogonid-cnidarian trophic interactions in the deep Monterey Submarine Canyon. Invertebrate Biology, 128(4): 359-363
Tentacle cnidea of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
Östman, C.; Kultima, J. R.; Roat, C. (2010). Tentacle cnidea of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Scientia Marina, 74(3): 511-521
Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
Östman, C.; Kultima, J. R.; Roat, C.; Rundblom, K. (2010). Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Scientia Marina, 74(3): 483-497
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Foraging behavior and prey selection of the leather seastar Dermasterias imbricata
Annett, C.; Pierotti, R. (1984). Foraging behavior and prey selection of the leather seastar Dermasterias imbricata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 14, 197-206
Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia
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A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species
Williams, R. B. (1975). A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species. Journal of Natural History, 9, 51-64
De golfbrekeranemoon, Diadumene cincta Stephenson, 1925, is geen recente immigrant
Ates, R. M. L. (2006). De golfbrekeranemoon, Diadumene cincta Stephenson, 1925, is geen recente immigrant. Het Zeepaard, 66, 52-59
Breaking up and getting together: evolution of symbiosis and cloning by fission in sea anemones (genus Anthopleura)
Geller, J. B.; Walton, E. D. (2001). Breaking up and getting together: evolution of symbiosis and cloning by fission in sea anemones (genus Anthopleura). Evolution, 55(9): 1781-1794
A study of the populations of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842) in symbiosis with anomuran decapods in Thermaikos Gulf (N. Aegean Sea)
Christidis, J.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Culley, M. B. (1997). A study of the populations of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842) in symbiosis with anomuran decapods in Thermaikos Gulf (N. Aegean Sea). Crustaceana, 70(2): 227-238
Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
Fautin, D. G. (2016). Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa. 4145(1): 1-449.
Plumose anemone - Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1767)
Juvenile Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1767)
Identification suggested by Godfried van Moorsel/ecosub
Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761)
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Arctic Ocean
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Oostende
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Birkenfels (shipwreck)
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Isle of Man
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - North West Atlantic
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Wimereux
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Faroe Islands
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - European waters (ERMS scope)
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Gulf of St. Lawrence
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinoloba dianthus de Blainville, 1830 - Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Sagartia pallida var. rufa (Holdsworth) - Dutch Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - German Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinoloba dianthus de Blainville, 1830 - German Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia cereus Müller, 1776 - Croatian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Danish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - French Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia pellucida Alder, 1858 - French Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Greek Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Icelandic Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Actinoloba dianthus de Blainville, 1830 - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium pallidum (Holdsworth, 1855) - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium dianthus var. sindonea Gosse - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Thoe pura Wright, 1859 - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Sagartia pallida Holdsworth - Irish Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Russian Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill) - Russian Exclusive economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Priapus senilis Linnaeus, 1761 - Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia pellucida Alder, 1858 - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia senilis Linnaeus, 1767 - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Anthea plumosa - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Sagartia pallida Holdsworth - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinea dianthus - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia pallida Holdsworth, 1855 - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Sagartia pura (Alder, 1858) - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinoloba dianthus de Blainville, 1830 - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium pallidum (Holdsworth, 1855) - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia cereus Müller, 1776 - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia candida Müller, 1776 - United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - South African Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Danish Exclusive Economic Zone (Greenland)
Distribution for Actinia candida Müller, 1776 - Danish Exclusive Economic Zone (Greenland)
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - United States Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill) - United States Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia marginata var. salmonea - United States Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia senilis Linnaeus, 1767 - United States Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Paraisometridium pehuensis Zamponi, 1978 - Argentinean Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill) - Indian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill) - Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia (Ectacmaea) candida Müller, 1776 - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia candida Müller, 1776 - Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Actinia candida Müller, 1776 - Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Gulf of Maine
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - South Africa
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Northern North Atlantic
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Northern North Pacific
Distribution for Metridium huanghaiensis Pei, 1998 - West North Pacific
Distribution for Metridium sinensis Pei, 1998 - West North Pacific
Distribution for Paraisometridium pehuensis Zamponi, 1978 - Western South Atlantic
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Spuikom
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Cobscook Bay
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Chilean part of the South Pacific Ocean
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - Overlapping claim Falkland / Malvinas Islands: United Kingdom / Argentina part of the South Atlantic Ocean
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - South African Coast
Distribution for Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) - High Seas
Distribution for Metridium marginatum Milne-Edwards - North West Atlantic
Distribution for Metridium marginatum Milne-Edwards - Gulf of Maine
Alien
Species introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution
Invasive
Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively
Not specified
A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness
Established
Species that have become established in their introduced range
Established and expanding
Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range
Reported
Species that are 'reported' to be present but with no further information